Many changes and advances within the field of dental anesthesia have taken place since the last revision of this text recent discoveries have added considerably to our understanding of pain mechanisms while pharmacologic innovations have given the profession new dimensions within the control of both pain and anxiety. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 90k or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Many changes and advances in the field of dental anesthesia have taken place since the last revision of this text recent discoveries have added considerably to our understanding of pain mechanisms while pharmacologic innovations have given the profession new dimensions in the control of both pain and anxiety an emotion that often accompanies dental treatment. Ntraoperative pain control by means of local anesthesia is an intrinsic part of clinical practice in dentistry each dentist in canada injects approximately 1800 cartridges of local anesthetic yearly1 and it has been esti mated that more than 300 million cartridges are adminis tered by dentists in the united states every year 2 therefore all dentists should have expertise in local . From injection techniques to local anaesthetic agent choices we will discuss ways to get your patients numb this course will also discuss the effective management of post operative pain from managing patient expectations to sensible pharmacologic strategies